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The root interaction had a significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 +-N) as well as the activities of urease (UE), nitrate reductase (NR), protease (Pro), and dehydrogenase (DHO) in the rhizosphere soil. The stems and leaves of intercropped peanut significantly decreased by 5.13 and 22.23% (2020) and 14.45 and 24.54% (2021), respectively. The nitrogen accumulation was significantly higher in the roots of the intercropped maize than in those of sole maize at 120 days after sowing, it increased by 129.16% (2020) and 151.93% (2021), respectively. The results showed that the yield of intercropped maize increased significantly by 21.05% (2020) and 52.81% (2021), while the yield of intercropped peanut significantly decreased by 39.51% (2020) and 32.58% (2021). Herein, we investigated the process of microbial community assembly in maize, peanuts, and shared rhizosphere soil as well as their regulatory mechanisms on root exudates under different planting patterns by combining metabolomic and metagenomic analyses. 2Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, Chinaīelowground interactions mediated by root exudates are critical for the productivity and efficiency of intercropping systems.

1College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.Qiqi Dong 1 †, Xinhua Zhao 1 †, Dongying Zhou 1, Zhenhua Liu 1, Xiaolong Shi 1, Yang Yuan 1, Peiyan Jia 1, Yingyan Liu 1, Penghao Song 1, Xiaoguang Wang 1, Chunji Jiang 1, Xibo Liu 1, He Zhang 1, Chao Zhong 1, Feng Guo 2, Shubo Wan 2, Haiqiu Yu 1 * and Zheng Zhang 2 *

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